{"id":12,"date":"2008-05-27T11:20:45","date_gmt":"2008-05-27T01:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kien-thuc-thong-tin-nhung-thach-thuc-va-trien-vong-trong-viec-trien-khai-o-viet-nam"},"modified":"2019-04-01T16:10:38","modified_gmt":"2019-04-01T08:40:38","slug":"kien-thuc-thong-tin-nhung-thach-thuc-va-trien-vong-trong-viec-trien-khai-o-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nxhuy.net\/?p=12","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin – Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u1ef9 (ACRL, 1989), ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d [12].<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm tin, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh ngu\u1ed3n tin), m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i do ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 (ACRL, 1989), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi h\u1ecd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tri th\u1ee9c, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng”.[12]<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin? S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

1.1. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin qua nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Internet. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean Internet. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea5y v\u1eabn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n tin. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: l\u00e0m sao ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t? l\u00e0m sao ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin? H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh do th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, xu th\u1ebf li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. H\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean khi\u1ebfn cho nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

1.2. Nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Cropley (1997) cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd [4]. Curtain (2001) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201can to\u00e0n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 cho ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. [5]<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0: ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng). V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin (theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Candy). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Xu th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh duy nh\u00e2t cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d.<\/p>\n

1.3. S\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (2003) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c nhanh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. [9]<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Br\u00f6dner (2000) [13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Kinh t\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a & d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Tri th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Chia s\u1ebb<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
T\u00e1i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>\n\n
S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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C\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb tri th\u1ee9c. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin quanh h\u1ecd, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Alan Bundy (2003) khi \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, l\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t coi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.[1]<\/p>\n

2. C\u01a1 s\u1edf tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin \u2013 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin. Theo B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (2004), trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u00f4ng qua tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7; ph\u00e1t huy h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d [10]. Trong s\u1ed1 9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7; n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c; ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c\u201d [10]. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, trong \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

2.2. Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cn\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9; g\u1eafn li\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d [10]. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

2.3. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin \u2013 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Theo b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Thu\u1ea7n (V\u1ee5 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n), kho\u1ea3ng 80 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2004, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam 9 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 62,4 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 3,7 tri\u1ec7u USD). Cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2003, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 94 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Thanh H\u00f3a, Ki\u00ean Giang \u2026[8]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2004, 32 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 43 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 kho m\u1edf, OPAC; c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai, gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tin \u2013 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

3.4. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin \u2013 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n, cho t\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u201cNhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n\u201d n\u0103m 2004, Vi\u1ec7tNam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20 ng\u00e0n th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng,th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 1000 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. [7]<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

2.5. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb, do \u0110o\u00e0n TNCS H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ee9ng ra tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi; gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 thanh ni\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Internet; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung kho\u1ea3ng 80% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, ti\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf 4 t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0: B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, Lai Ch\u00e2u, Y\u00ean B\u00e1o, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean\u201d. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty VIEC, Vietkey Group, c\u00f4ng ty VDC , Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tin h\u1ecdc PT, v\u00e0 B\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin d\u00e0nh cho thanh ni\u00ean n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cM\u00e1y t\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6\/2004. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Intel, Hewlett Packard, LG Electronics, Microsoft, Samsung, Seagate, VDC, CMC, v\u00e0 FPT, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c mang t\u00ean \u201cK\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 N\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng tri th\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, truy c\u1eadp Internet) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00ean n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp tin h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (resource-based learning) v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (problem-solving based learning) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfnth\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 P. Moore (2002) \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb 4 h\u01b0\u1edbng: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd [6]. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

3.2. Ph\u00e1t huy h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin \u2013 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, P. S. Breivik v\u00e0 E.G. Gee [2] cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay trong nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfn cho vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

3.3. N\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tin h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc) c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef v\u00e0 tin h\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. L\u00ed do cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0: th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh (theo Globalsearch, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 68% th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean Internet l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tin h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

3.4. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 khung chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khung chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Khung chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/div>\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 coi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin, th\u00ec th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 quan nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00eam Xu\u00e2n Huy
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Alan Bundy ed. (2004), Australian and New Zealand Information Literacy Framework, 2nd ed., Adelaide: Australian and New Zealand Institute for Information Literacy, p. 3-4<\/p>\n

2. Breivik P. S. and Gee E. G. (1989), Information literacy: revolution in the library, London: Collier Macmillan Punlishers<\/div>\n

3. Grassian E. S and Kaplowitz J. R. (2001), Information literacy instruction: theory and practice, New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers Inc.<\/p>\n

4. Cropley, A. J. (1977) Lifelong Education: A Psychological Analysis, Oxford\/Hamburg, Pergamon Press\/Unesco Institute for Education.><\/p>\n

5. Curtain, R. (2001) Lifelong learning – What does it mean?, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 30\/5\/2005, t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

6. Moore P. (2002), An Analysis of Information Literacy Education Worldwide\u1ea3ituy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 14\/11\/2004, t\u1ea1i http:\/\/www.nclis.gov\/libinter\/infolitconf&meet\/papers\/moore-fullpaper.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

7. Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7y (2004), H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Khoa h\u1ecdc “Nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n”, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/11\/2004, t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

8. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Thu\u1ea7n (2004) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, viewed 12\/11\/2004, available at<\/p>\n

9. WorldBank (2003) The Knowledge Economy and the Changing Needs of the Labor Market. Lifelong learning in the global knowledge economy : challenges for developing countries. TheWorld Bank.<\/p>\n

10. B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (2004), K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 13\/11\/2004, t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

11. \u0110o\u00e0n TNCS H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Du an Thanh Gi\u00f3ng, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/11\/2004, t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

12. ACRL (2000) Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education, Chicago, Association of College and Research Libraries.<\/p>\n

13. Br\u00f6dner, P. (2000) The Future of Work in a Knowledge-Based Economy. ICT\/CIREM International Seminar on “Economy and Work in the Knowledge Society\u201c. Barcelona.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[40,1,241],"tags":[128,183,202],"class_list":["post-12","post","type-post","status-publish","format-aside","hentry","category-professional","category-uncategorized","category-write","tag-khai-niem","tag-thach-thuc","tag-trien-khai","post_format-post-format-aside"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1WI2C-c","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":206,"url":"https:\/\/nxhuy.net\/?p=206","url_meta":{"origin":12,"position":0},"title":"Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Australia","author":"admin","date":"22\/05\/2011","format":"aside","excerpt":"B\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Australia. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tri\u1ec3n khai. 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